Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation 9 36 1401 10.22091/ptt.2019.4395.1566 FA Maryam Sadat Sajadi PhD student of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom Sayed Reza Moaddab  Professor of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom 0000-0001-5845-2307 Journal Article 2019 05 16 The Qiblah is one of the most significant signs in Islam, hence an icon of Islamic identity. The earlier choosing of Jerusalem as the Qiblah left its reverberations among the Jews in the earlier days of Islam. To reject the revelatory nature off Islam, many Jews fabricated the controversy of Islam's appropriation of the Qiblah from Judaism, hence stressed their own originality. The present paper tackles and rebuts the issue of the Jews' controversies, as provided in the Quran tafsirs of both Shias and Sunnis. It is asserted that the earlier choice of Jerusalem as the Qiblah was a sagacious decision, for the Kaaba was a place of idol-worshipping by then, while Jerusalem was not dishonored by idols. However, with the spread of Islam, Mecca received a totally different situation, and the Kaaba has since received its Qiblah status forever. © Moaddab, S.R; Sajjadi, M.S (2021) Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 7-33. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.1769 The Qiblah is one of the most significant signs in Islam, hence an icon of Islamic identity. The earlier choosing of Jerusalem as the Qiblah left its reverberations among the Jews in the earlier days of Islam. To reject the revelatory nature off Islam, many Jews fabricated the controversy of Islam's appropriation of the Qiblah from Judaism, hence stressed their own originality. The present paper tackles and rebuts the issue of the Jews' controversies, as provided in the Quran tafsirs of both Shias and Sunnis. It is asserted that the earlier choice of Jerusalem as the Qiblah was a sagacious decision, for the Kaaba was a place of idol-worshipping by then, while Jerusalem was not dishonored by idols. However, with the spread of Islam, Mecca received a totally different situation, and the Kaaba has since received its Qiblah status forever. © Moaddab, S.R; Sajjadi, M.S (2021) Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 7-33. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.1769

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1401_3db7efcc1c245083240026807e6ac38c.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Study of Three Approaches to the Tafsir of the 16th -19th Verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as Parenthetic Sentences A Study of Three Approaches to the Tafsir of the 16th -19th Verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as Parenthetic Sentences 37 58 1395 10.22091/ptt.2019.2852.1305 FA Ali Hasanbegui Assistant professor of Theology, University of Arak 0000-0002-9375-8317 Journal Article 2018 01 21 Parenthetic sentences are those which contribute to the main argument of a discourse. Due to their place in everyday conversations, they have been studied by tafsir experts, and as some verses have occasionally been regarded as parenthetic remarks, this view has influenced tafsir experts, too. One of the most famous practices is to regard the 16th - 19th verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as parenthetic verses. On the other hand, misunderstanding the Quranic text leaves its own effect on giving interpretations of the Quranic verses. The present paper casts a new look unto parenthetic sentences in a comparative mode, hence it is found out that they are not parenthetic verses. Semantically independent, those four verses are contextually related to another universe of discourse, hence their revelation. © Hasanbegui, A. (2020) A Study of Three Approaches to the Tafsir of the 16th -19th Verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as Parenthetic Sentences. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 35-56. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2019.2852.1305 Parenthetic sentences are those which contribute to the main argument of a discourse. Due to their place in everyday conversations, they have been studied by tafsir experts, and as some verses have occasionally been regarded as parenthetic remarks, this view has influenced tafsir experts, too. One of the most famous practices is to regard the 16th - 19th verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as parenthetic verses. On the other hand, misunderstanding the Quranic text leaves its own effect on giving interpretations of the Quranic verses. The present paper casts a new look unto parenthetic sentences in a comparative mode, hence it is found out that they are not parenthetic verses. Semantically independent, those four verses are contextually related to another universe of discourse, hence their revelation. © Hasanbegui, A. (2020) A Study of Three Approaches to the Tafsir of the 16th -19th Verses of the Sura al-Qiyamah as Parenthetic Sentences. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 35-56. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2019.2852.1305

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1395_f794a38e9da441a931d3aa9d2888367a.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Comparative Study of Mu'tazilite, Ash'arite, and Twelver Shia Quran Interpreters on Affliction and its Relation to the Divine Justice: Evidence from the Tafsir-Oriented Views of Qazi Abd al-Jabbar, Ghazzali, and Fayz Kashani A Comparative Study of Mu'tazilite, Ash'arite, and Twelver Shia Quran Interpreters on Affliction and its Relation to the Divine Justice: Evidence from the Tafsir-Oriented Views of Qazi Abd al-Jabbar, Ghazzali, and Fayz Kashani 59 78 1595 10.22091/ptt.2020.5634.1769 FA Abu Al-Hasan Barani PhD student, Lectureship of Islamic Studies, University of Qom 0000-0002-5749-0261 Muhammad Ali Akhaviyan  Associate professor of Islamic Theology, University of Qom Mohsen Izadi Assistant professor of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, University of Qom Journal Article 2020 06 09 Received: 2020-05-03 | Accepted: 2020-09-06 The relation of afflictions and the Divine justice has since been a serious controversy among Muslim thinkers. The present paper attempts to answer this challenge. To do so, this paper tackles their Quranic views so as to get a more comprehensive outlook of their strengths and weaknesses. In a descriptive-analytical study, first their initial criteria are derived, based on their Quranic outlooks, for they have many criteria in common. As for their differences, concerning the Divine justice, it is found out that there is little agreement among the views of the Mu'tazilites and Ash'arites on the Divine justice and afflictions, and that as men get afflicted based on a Divine will, they commit some crimes and receive their punishments in proportion to their own misconducts, a fact which is the mere justice. In other words, it has been determined that what is in line with the human nature gets activated through affliction and this is the very sense of the Divine justice. © Barani, A.H; Akhaviyan, M.A; Izadi, M. (2021) A Comparative Study of Mu'tazilite, Ash'arite, and Twelver Shia Quran Interpreters on Affliction and its Relation to the Divine Justice: Evidence from the Tafsir-Oriented Views of Qazi Abd al-Jabbar, Ghazzali, and Fayz Kashani. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 57-75. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.1769 Received: 2020-05-03 | Accepted: 2020-09-06 The relation of afflictions and the Divine justice has since been a serious controversy among Muslim thinkers. The present paper attempts to answer this challenge. To do so, this paper tackles their Quranic views so as to get a more comprehensive outlook of their strengths and weaknesses. In a descriptive-analytical study, first their initial criteria are derived, based on their Quranic outlooks, for they have many criteria in common. As for their differences, concerning the Divine justice, it is found out that there is little agreement among the views of the Mu'tazilites and Ash'arites on the Divine justice and afflictions, and that as men get afflicted based on a Divine will, they commit some crimes and receive their punishments in proportion to their own misconducts, a fact which is the mere justice. In other words, it has been determined that what is in line with the human nature gets activated through affliction and this is the very sense of the Divine justice. © Barani, A.H; Akhaviyan, M.A; Izadi, M. (2021) A Comparative Study of Mu'tazilite, Ash'arite, and Twelver Shia Quran Interpreters on Affliction and its Relation to the Divine Justice: Evidence from the Tafsir-Oriented Views of Qazi Abd al-Jabbar, Ghazzali, and Fayz Kashani. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 57-75. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.1769

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1595_330495cbc4135171750b9f667b8fabc3.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 Just Treatment of Orphans as Viewed by Quran Interpreters Just Treatment of Orphans as Viewed by Quran Interpreters 79 106 1659 10.22091/ptt.2020.5823.1809 FA Muhammad Moradi Assistant professor, University of the Quran and Hadith, Qom, Iran Ali Akbar Ghaffari  PhD in Fiqh and the Basics of Islamic Law, Islamic Azad University of Bam, Iran Journal Article 2020 08 08 Received: 2020-05-25 | Accepted: 2020-09-18 The present paper deals with the conceptual and objective meanings and modes of treating orphans justly. Assuming that justice means allocating everything its due place, value, and right, then the orphans' rights receive extra value and significance, all due to the emphasis the Holy Quran puts on it. In this regard, the understanding and interpretations of various types of the Quran interpreters play a special function. A descriptive and analytical study of the topic may yield various and more vivid outcome regarding the interpreters' definitions and modes of tackling the subject, hence more pragmatic in how to treat the orphans. The objective of the present study is clarification of everybody's duty regarding orphans in general and girl orphans in particular, as indicated by the Quran interpreters of various schools of thought. © Moradi, M; Ghaffari, A.A. (2021) Just Treatment of Orphans as Viewed by Quran Interpreters. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 77-103. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5823.1809 Received: 2020-05-25 | Accepted: 2020-09-18 The present paper deals with the conceptual and objective meanings and modes of treating orphans justly. Assuming that justice means allocating everything its due place, value, and right, then the orphans' rights receive extra value and significance, all due to the emphasis the Holy Quran puts on it. In this regard, the understanding and interpretations of various types of the Quran interpreters play a special function. A descriptive and analytical study of the topic may yield various and more vivid outcome regarding the interpreters' definitions and modes of tackling the subject, hence more pragmatic in how to treat the orphans. The objective of the present study is clarification of everybody's duty regarding orphans in general and girl orphans in particular, as indicated by the Quran interpreters of various schools of thought. © Moradi, M; Ghaffari, A.A. (2021) Just Treatment of Orphans as Viewed by Quran Interpreters. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 77-103. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5823.1809

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1659_b3be5e47064ea9e81420c600d1cdab1e.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs 107 134 1602 10.22091/ptt.2020.5629.1771 FA Seyyedah Vahideh Rahimi Associate professor of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom Somayyeh Ketabi PhD student of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom Journal Article 2020 06 10 Received: 202020-03-25 | Accepted: 2020-07-30 The moral aspects of servitude make one of the fundamental themes in the Holy Quran; through a systematic outlook, appreciation of its moral teachings become easier. Piety is the most basic value in the moral teachings of servitude to and before God. The present descriptive-analytical study focuses first on discovering and giving definitions of piety in the servitude-oriented construct as indicated in the Holy Quran, including its elements, principles, and aims, followed by the relation of piety and the elements of this structure based on such tafsirs as al-Mizan, al-Minar, Fi Zilal al-Quran, and al-Kashshaf. Comparison reveals that they share in many points. Piety is an element basic to epistemology, theology, anthropology, and cosmology; hence an important element in the formation, preservation, and improvement of one's outlook, moral inclinations, and moral code of conducts. Continuation and improvement of piety is essential for achieving elementary, intermediate, and ultimate aims. According to Quranic verses, worshipping God is an elementary aim, piety is the intermediate aim, and getting well nigh to God is the ultimate aim. © Rahimi, S.V; Ketabi, S (2021) Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 105-131. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5629.1771 Received: 202020-03-25 | Accepted: 2020-07-30 The moral aspects of servitude make one of the fundamental themes in the Holy Quran; through a systematic outlook, appreciation of its moral teachings become easier. Piety is the most basic value in the moral teachings of servitude to and before God. The present descriptive-analytical study focuses first on discovering and giving definitions of piety in the servitude-oriented construct as indicated in the Holy Quran, including its elements, principles, and aims, followed by the relation of piety and the elements of this structure based on such tafsirs as al-Mizan, al-Minar, Fi Zilal al-Quran, and al-Kashshaf. Comparison reveals that they share in many points. Piety is an element basic to epistemology, theology, anthropology, and cosmology; hence an important element in the formation, preservation, and improvement of one's outlook, moral inclinations, and moral code of conducts. Continuation and improvement of piety is essential for achieving elementary, intermediate, and ultimate aims. According to Quranic verses, worshipping God is an elementary aim, piety is the intermediate aim, and getting well nigh to God is the ultimate aim. © Rahimi, S.V; Ketabi, S (2021) Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 105-131. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5629.1771

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1602_58a30b28dfeab9087b6380454a65326b.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Study and Critique of whether Context can be Regarded as a Rule in the Light of Quran Tafsirs A Study and Critique of whether Context can be Regarded as a Rule in the Light of Quran Tafsirs 135 162 1660 10.22091/ptt.2020.3988.1496 FA Sayyid Ahmad Habibnezhad Assistant professor of Law, Farabi University College, University of Tehran 10.22091/PTT.2020.39 Abd Al-Jabbar Zargoush Nasan Associate professor, University of Ilam Mostafa Bekhrad PhD student of Fiqh and the Basics of Islamic Law, Mofid University Journal Article 2019 01 14 Received: 2020-01-30 | Accepted: 2020-06-09 Any rule has its own features that context does not have it, hence not entitled to be called a rule. The nature of context and its signification can be proved based on the views of linguists, lexicographers, rhetoricians, men of letters, jurisprudents (faqihs), and experts in the principles of jurisprudence. The greatest evidence can be found in the works of such Quran interpreters as Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Allama Tabatabaie, and Martyr Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr who cited contexts but never regarded them as a rule. Some experts went astray in regarding context as a rule, hence several objections and ambiguities have been raised. A descriptive-analytical paper, the present work seeks to prove that context cannot be regarded as a rule, hence its signification is proved. In addition, there are also answers to other queries: whether context falls within linguistic or cognitive category, whether it is merely a kind of signification, a reminder, an index, or whether their authority pertains to the apparent cases. © Habibnezhad, S.A; Zargoush Nasan, A.J; Bekhrad, M. (2021) A Study and Critique of whether Context can be Regarded as a Rule in the Light of Quran Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 133-160. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.3988.1496 Received: 2020-01-30 | Accepted: 2020-06-09 Any rule has its own features that context does not have it, hence not entitled to be called a rule. The nature of context and its signification can be proved based on the views of linguists, lexicographers, rhetoricians, men of letters, jurisprudents (faqihs), and experts in the principles of jurisprudence. The greatest evidence can be found in the works of such Quran interpreters as Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Allama Tabatabaie, and Martyr Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr who cited contexts but never regarded them as a rule. Some experts went astray in regarding context as a rule, hence several objections and ambiguities have been raised. A descriptive-analytical paper, the present work seeks to prove that context cannot be regarded as a rule, hence its signification is proved. In addition, there are also answers to other queries: whether context falls within linguistic or cognitive category, whether it is merely a kind of signification, a reminder, an index, or whether their authority pertains to the apparent cases. © Habibnezhad, S.A; Zargoush Nasan, A.J; Bekhrad, M. (2021) A Study and Critique of whether Context can be Regarded as a Rule in the Light of Quran Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 133-160. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.3988.1496

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1660_6cc50b66e203c4f9a3412937109e5eb0.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Comparative Re-Reading of the Quran Interpreters' Views of the 11th Verse of the Sura Faussilat A Comparative Re-Reading of the Quran Interpreters' Views of the 11th Verse of the Sura Faussilat 163 186 1661 10.22091/ptt.2020.4469.1577 FA Abbas Sharifi PhD student of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan 0000-0002-4754-9856 Gholamreza Khoshniyyat Assistant professor of Shaid Mahallati College, Qom 0000-0001-9062-798X Journal Article 2019 06 03 Received: 2021-02-23 | Accepted: 2020-06-12 In the field of Quran scholarship, one of the controversial topics concerns the phenomenon of language as referred to in the Holy Quran, that is to say, whether it was real or symbolic. One of them concerns the 11th verse of the Sura Fussilat which some Quran interpreters regard it as a real language, while others, mostly the modern ones, have interpreted it as a symbolic language. The present paper seeks to discuss various aspects of language and language use and concludes that it has had two levels of signification. The first-rate level is concerned with what the common reader stands, and the second-rate level concerns what the knowledgeable reader may find out therein. In other words, the first-rate level is a symbolic language, while the second-rate level pertains to the real sense of the verse that pertains to percolation of knowledge and understanding in and to all the creation. © Sharifi, A; Khoshniyyat, Gh.R. (2021) A Comparative Re-Reading of the Quran Interpreters' Views of the 11th Verse of the Sura Faussilat. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 161-183. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4469.1577 Received: 2021-02-23 | Accepted: 2020-06-12 In the field of Quran scholarship, one of the controversial topics concerns the phenomenon of language as referred to in the Holy Quran, that is to say, whether it was real or symbolic. One of them concerns the 11th verse of the Sura Fussilat which some Quran interpreters regard it as a real language, while others, mostly the modern ones, have interpreted it as a symbolic language. The present paper seeks to discuss various aspects of language and language use and concludes that it has had two levels of signification. The first-rate level is concerned with what the common reader stands, and the second-rate level concerns what the knowledgeable reader may find out therein. In other words, the first-rate level is a symbolic language, while the second-rate level pertains to the real sense of the verse that pertains to percolation of knowledge and understanding in and to all the creation. © Sharifi, A; Khoshniyyat, Gh.R. (2021) A Comparative Re-Reading of the Quran Interpreters' Views of the 11th Verse of the Sura Faussilat. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 161-183. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4469.1577

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1661_e7af39fcb25ca540c1768828bbb35bb3.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 Meaningfulness of Life in the Quranic Verses: A Comparative Study of the Viewpoints of Allama Tabatabaie and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli Meaningfulness of Life in the Quranic Verses: A Comparative Study of the Viewpoints of Allama Tabatabaie and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli 187 212 1663 10.22091/ptt.2020.4464.1576 FA Seyedeh Masoumeh Shahrokhi Graduate student of Qom University Nsfiseh Satee  Associate professor, Dept. of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, University of Qom Journal Article 2019 06 03 Received: 2020-01-04 | Accepted: 2020-07-12 The meaning of life makes one of the most important topics that takes in the incentive for living, the values of life, hope, and taking troubles in life for our needs. Without having a meaning of life, tolerating all the hardships would be impossible and irrational. Hence, one of the things expected of religion is rendering a meaningful picture of life. The present study delves into the point that based on the Quranic verses, the human life, and the pragmatic meaning of life (that is to say, certain functions of life). Any of these sub-senses are provable based on the Quranic verses and Islamic religious teachings, for example, the spiritual realm, immortality of man, the principle of the innate nature of man and his representativeness of the Divine names and attributes. This tri-fold division can be attributed to life in a coherent monotheistic attitude. One of the main corollaries of this attitude is rejection and criticism of the bi-polar division of life-oriented views into supernatural vs. natural attitudes, including certain individualistic view such that any individual must shape his own life through discovering his own real value and decision. © Shahrokhi, S.M; Sate, S. (2021) Meaningfulness of Life in the Quranic Verses: A Comparative Study of the Viewpoints of Allama Tabatabaie and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 185-209. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4464.1576 Received: 2020-01-04 | Accepted: 2020-07-12 The meaning of life makes one of the most important topics that takes in the incentive for living, the values of life, hope, and taking troubles in life for our needs. Without having a meaning of life, tolerating all the hardships would be impossible and irrational. Hence, one of the things expected of religion is rendering a meaningful picture of life. The present study delves into the point that based on the Quranic verses, the human life, and the pragmatic meaning of life (that is to say, certain functions of life). Any of these sub-senses are provable based on the Quranic verses and Islamic religious teachings, for example, the spiritual realm, immortality of man, the principle of the innate nature of man and his representativeness of the Divine names and attributes. This tri-fold division can be attributed to life in a coherent monotheistic attitude. One of the main corollaries of this attitude is rejection and criticism of the bi-polar division of life-oriented views into supernatural vs. natural attitudes, including certain individualistic view such that any individual must shape his own life through discovering his own real value and decision. © Shahrokhi, S.M; Sate, S. (2021) Meaningfulness of Life in the Quranic Verses: A Comparative Study of the Viewpoints of Allama Tabatabaie and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 185-209. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4464.1576

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1663_da2faa07471db5aaf686d1cd288cb971.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Case Study of Syntactic Embedding in Transitive and Intransitive Verbs and Their Validity in the Tafsirs al-Tibyan, al-Jami' li-Ulum al-Quran, and al-Mizan A Case Study of Syntactic Embedding in Transitive and Intransitive Verbs and Their Validity in the Tafsirs al-Tibyan, al-Jami' li-Ulum al-Quran, and al-Mizan 213 237 1664 10.22091/ptt.2020.4446.1574 FA Muhammad Ibrahim Khalifah Shushtari  Professor of Arabic Literature, Shahid Beheshti University Azam Sadeqi PhD student of Arabic Literature, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2019 05 28 Received: 2019-05-01 | Accepted: 2020-09-21 A branch of Arabic syntax and in particular studying syntactic embedding have been developed for understanding the Holy Quran, hence experts of Arabic syntax studies focused on linguistic embedding, its features, and uses. One of the several effects of syntactic embedding is changing intransitive verbs to single-object transitive verbs, and changing single-object transitive verbs to two-object transitive verbs. This paper attempts to explore aspects of syntactic embedding and giving an overview of them, with special regard to transitive and intransitive verbs in three Quran tafsirs, namely al-Tibyan of Sheikh al-Tusi, al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran of al-Qurtubi, and al-Mizan of Allama Tabatabaie. There are some benefits, for example, one of the benefits of using syntactic embedding is changing intransitive verbs to single-object transitive verbs and the single-object transitive verbs to two-object transitive verbs. Their syntactic-rhetorical effects are evident. Also experts of Arabic syntax are ahead of tafsir experts in giving syntactic argumentations. Among the tafsir authors, the above three tafsir experts render the same syntactic interpretation of embedding; however, Sheikh al-Tusi and al-Qurtubi never used the Arabic syntactic term "tazmin", instead they used other synonymous terms, for example, "in the sense of", "or", and "signifying"; however, Allama Tabatabaie used the very term "tzmin". © Khalifah Shushtari, M.I; Sadeqi, A. (2021) A Case Study of Syntactic Embedding in Transitive and Intransitive Verbs and Their Validity in the Tafsirs al-Tibyan, al-Jami' li-Ulum al-Quran, and al-Mizan. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 211-234. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4446.1574 Received: 2019-05-01 | Accepted: 2020-09-21 A branch of Arabic syntax and in particular studying syntactic embedding have been developed for understanding the Holy Quran, hence experts of Arabic syntax studies focused on linguistic embedding, its features, and uses. One of the several effects of syntactic embedding is changing intransitive verbs to single-object transitive verbs, and changing single-object transitive verbs to two-object transitive verbs. This paper attempts to explore aspects of syntactic embedding and giving an overview of them, with special regard to transitive and intransitive verbs in three Quran tafsirs, namely al-Tibyan of Sheikh al-Tusi, al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran of al-Qurtubi, and al-Mizan of Allama Tabatabaie. There are some benefits, for example, one of the benefits of using syntactic embedding is changing intransitive verbs to single-object transitive verbs and the single-object transitive verbs to two-object transitive verbs. Their syntactic-rhetorical effects are evident. Also experts of Arabic syntax are ahead of tafsir experts in giving syntactic argumentations. Among the tafsir authors, the above three tafsir experts render the same syntactic interpretation of embedding; however, Sheikh al-Tusi and al-Qurtubi never used the Arabic syntactic term "tazmin", instead they used other synonymous terms, for example, "in the sense of", "or", and "signifying"; however, Allama Tabatabaie used the very term "tzmin". © Khalifah Shushtari, M.I; Sadeqi, A. (2021) A Case Study of Syntactic Embedding in Transitive and Intransitive Verbs and Their Validity in the Tafsirs al-Tibyan, al-Jami' li-Ulum al-Quran, and al-Mizan. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 211-234. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4446.1574

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1664_20cf65290ad134cdc78c5ec76cb6f833.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 The Principles of Government Legitimacy as Envisaged by the Sunni and Shia Quran Interpreters The Principles of Government Legitimacy as Envisaged by the Sunni and Shia Quran Interpreters 237 260 1665 10.22091/ptt.2020.3770.1455 FA Muhammad Javad Najfi  Associate professor, Dept. of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom 0000-0000-0000-0000 Muhammad Kazem Rahman Setayesh Assistant professor, Dept. of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom 0000-0000-0000-0000 | Zahra Zharfi Yeganeh PhD student of comparative tafsir, University of Qom, the main writer of this paper Journal Article 2018 12 17 Received: 2019-11-17 | Accepted: 2020-05-21 Legitimacy is a trait in a ruling system by means of which the ruler regards his ruling correct and right, and people regard it their duty to obey the ruling power. In other words, legitimacy is an answer to the query as to why a certain group of people hold the right to rule and the rest must only obey them. Both Sunni and Shia interpreters of the Quran regard God as the source of the ruling legitimacy, hence they reason that as God is superior by far from having any material manifestation, He has certainly granted a level of His ruling legitimacy to certain people to undertake it. Like a great majority of Muslims, they also hold that God had granted this right to His messenger, the Prophet Muhammad, in his time. However, differences emerge on who should rule after the Prophet Muhammad. Shi'a interpreters of the Quran believe in the Divine legitimacy of ruling and the assignment of the Infallible Imam based on the explicit assertion indicated by God; nevertheless, Sunni interpreters hold that given the unestablished practice of nominating the imam, albeit its being proved, it may realize in a variety of ways, for instance, oath of allegiance (bay'ah), selection, election, nomination, succession, use of force, and domination. The last two ways are sometimes refuted. © Najafi, M.J; Rahman Setayesh, M.K; Zharfi Yeganeh, Z. (2021) The Principles of Government Legitimacy as Envisaged by the Sunni and Shia Quran Interpreters. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 235-258. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.3770.1455 Received: 2019-11-17 | Accepted: 2020-05-21 Legitimacy is a trait in a ruling system by means of which the ruler regards his ruling correct and right, and people regard it their duty to obey the ruling power. In other words, legitimacy is an answer to the query as to why a certain group of people hold the right to rule and the rest must only obey them. Both Sunni and Shia interpreters of the Quran regard God as the source of the ruling legitimacy, hence they reason that as God is superior by far from having any material manifestation, He has certainly granted a level of His ruling legitimacy to certain people to undertake it. Like a great majority of Muslims, they also hold that God had granted this right to His messenger, the Prophet Muhammad, in his time. However, differences emerge on who should rule after the Prophet Muhammad. Shi'a interpreters of the Quran believe in the Divine legitimacy of ruling and the assignment of the Infallible Imam based on the explicit assertion indicated by God; nevertheless, Sunni interpreters hold that given the unestablished practice of nominating the imam, albeit its being proved, it may realize in a variety of ways, for instance, oath of allegiance (bay'ah), selection, election, nomination, succession, use of force, and domination. The last two ways are sometimes refuted. © Najafi, M.J; Rahman Setayesh, M.K; Zharfi Yeganeh, Z. (2021) The Principles of Government Legitimacy as Envisaged by the Sunni and Shia Quran Interpreters. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 235-258. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.3770.1455

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1665_fc56a4d5301da77993b127921d604605.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Study of the Impact of Clues in the Variation of Tafsir-Oriented Approaches: Evidence from the Quran Tafsirs of Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and Ezzat Daruzah A Study of the Impact of Clues in the Variation of Tafsir-Oriented Approaches: Evidence from the Quran Tafsirs of Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and Ezzat Daruzah 261 284 1666 10.22091/ptt.2020.4780.1654 FA Kadijah Khedmatkar Arani PhD student of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Kashan Hamid Reza Fahimi Tabar Assistant professor of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Kashan, (the main writer of this paper) 00000000000000000000 Parviz Rastegar Jazi Associate professor of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Kashan Journal Article 2019 10 13 Received: 2020-05-31 | Accepted: 2020-09-27 The historical-analytical outlook of a survey of the emergence and evolution of Quran tafsirs indicate various hermeneutical approaches coupled with the interpreters' various qualifications and characters. It has been so effective that the coming of various interpreters and their modern tafsirs are followed by various and variable elements in appreciating the meanings of the Holy Quran. Now the noteworthy query is as follows: What is the source of the differences in understanding the Holy Quran? A wide range of answers have been given to this query. These answers are functions of the very text of the Holy Quran and/or the character of the Quran interpreters. However, the main hypothesis of this paper is that one of the causes of such discrepancies pertains to the differences of the interpreters over the differences that pertain to appreciation and tafsir of the Quran as emanating from the interpreters' approaches to the tafsir clues. As both Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and the Sunni scholar Muhammad Ezzat Daruzah have adopted an ijtihad-based outlook to interpreting the Divine verses, the present paper draws upon Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani's book al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran wa al-Sunnah, and Daruzah's al-Tafsir al-Hadith. It indicates that various tafsirs emanate from the interpreters' approaches to the tafsir clues. © Khedmatkar Arani, K; Fahimi Tabar, H.R; Rastegar Jazi, P. (2021) A Study of the Impact of Clues in the Variation of Tafsir-Oriented Approaches: Evidence from the Quran Tafsirs of Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and Ezzat Daruzah. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 259-282. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4780.1654 Received: 2020-05-31 | Accepted: 2020-09-27 The historical-analytical outlook of a survey of the emergence and evolution of Quran tafsirs indicate various hermeneutical approaches coupled with the interpreters' various qualifications and characters. It has been so effective that the coming of various interpreters and their modern tafsirs are followed by various and variable elements in appreciating the meanings of the Holy Quran. Now the noteworthy query is as follows: What is the source of the differences in understanding the Holy Quran? A wide range of answers have been given to this query. These answers are functions of the very text of the Holy Quran and/or the character of the Quran interpreters. However, the main hypothesis of this paper is that one of the causes of such discrepancies pertains to the differences of the interpreters over the differences that pertain to appreciation and tafsir of the Quran as emanating from the interpreters' approaches to the tafsir clues. As both Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and the Sunni scholar Muhammad Ezzat Daruzah have adopted an ijtihad-based outlook to interpreting the Divine verses, the present paper draws upon Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani's book al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran wa al-Sunnah, and Daruzah's al-Tafsir al-Hadith. It indicates that various tafsirs emanate from the interpreters' approaches to the tafsir clues. © Khedmatkar Arani, K; Fahimi Tabar, H.R; Rastegar Jazi, P. (2021) A Study of the Impact of Clues in the Variation of Tafsir-Oriented Approaches: Evidence from the Quran Tafsirs of Ayatollah Sadeqi Tehrani and Ezzat Daruzah. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 259-282. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4780.1654

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1666_0ead4776f68cd2dd364356092866227e.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 Keywords: Methodological studies, tafsir, verse 106 of the Sura Yusuf (Joseph), comparative approach, faith and polytheism. Keywords: Methodological studies, tafsir, verse 106 of the Sura Yusuf (Joseph), comparative approach, faith and polytheism. 285 310 1667 10.22091/ptt.2020.5626.1768 FA Muhammad As'adi Associate faculty member, Hawzah and University Research Institute Journal Article 2020 06 09 Received: 2020-01-06 | Accepted: 2020-07-29 Being a verse in the realm of the theological confrontation of monotheistic belief in God in contrast to polytheism, the 106th verse of the Sura Yusuf (Joseph) shows a vast caliber in methodological studies of comparative tafsirs. The purport of the verse concerns a combination of belief in God in contrast to polytheism in the case of a great majority of people to whom reference is made in the same verse. Based on the theological view that defines belief in monotheism as a simple truth or as interconnected with other pillars of the faith such that with a slight disruption in any of the pillars, the original version of the faith will turn invalid, hence no association between faith and polytheism would seem feasible. In contrast, another version (that views faith and polytheism being of relative values and levels, hence subject to relative meanings) regards it as a sound reason for its proof. The content of the very verse shows that it has a multitude of significance capacities for theologians' discussions such that through distinguishing apparently revelatory vs. esoteric-interpretative meanings, a wide range of probable meanings emerges with regard to the very verse. The present paper has a comparative, descriptive-analytical approach to reporting the theological views of the Quran interpreters, in addition to a Quranic hadith-based literary outlook, hence their theological challenges. © As'adi, M. (2021) A Comparative Methodological Study of the Tafsir of the 106th Verse of the Sura Yusuf. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 283-308. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5626.1768 Received: 2020-01-06 | Accepted: 2020-07-29 Being a verse in the realm of the theological confrontation of monotheistic belief in God in contrast to polytheism, the 106th verse of the Sura Yusuf (Joseph) shows a vast caliber in methodological studies of comparative tafsirs. The purport of the verse concerns a combination of belief in God in contrast to polytheism in the case of a great majority of people to whom reference is made in the same verse. Based on the theological view that defines belief in monotheism as a simple truth or as interconnected with other pillars of the faith such that with a slight disruption in any of the pillars, the original version of the faith will turn invalid, hence no association between faith and polytheism would seem feasible. In contrast, another version (that views faith and polytheism being of relative values and levels, hence subject to relative meanings) regards it as a sound reason for its proof. The content of the very verse shows that it has a multitude of significance capacities for theologians' discussions such that through distinguishing apparently revelatory vs. esoteric-interpretative meanings, a wide range of probable meanings emerges with regard to the very verse. The present paper has a comparative, descriptive-analytical approach to reporting the theological views of the Quran interpreters, in addition to a Quranic hadith-based literary outlook, hence their theological challenges. © As'adi, M. (2021) A Comparative Methodological Study of the Tafsir of the 106th Verse of the Sura Yusuf. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 283-308. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5626.1768

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1667_28cf0d6df3629f41dd25a137d22621b9.pdf

Qom University Comparative Interpretation Research 2476-4191 6 2 2020 12 21 A Comparative Study of Making References to the Authority of the Semantic Independence of Certain Fragments of the Quranic Verses in the al-Mizan and Nemouneh Tafsirs A Comparative Study of Making References to the Authority of the Semantic Independence of Certain Fragments of the Quranic Verses in the al-Mizan and Nemouneh Tafsirs 311 330 1671 10.22091/ptt.2020.5840.1814 FA Leyla Ahmadi PhD in the Quran and Hadith Sciences 0000-0002-5150-7085 Muhammad Faker Meybodi Professor, al-Mostafa International University Ali Asghar Tajari Assistant professor, Dept. of Islamic Theology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Journal Article 2020 08 11 Received: 2020-01-13 | Accepted: 2020-06-22 Reliance on the unwritten but applied rules in the tafsir books has long been a powerful tool in the hands of the Quran scholars to help them reach the original purpose behind the Divine verses. One of these tools is the authority of independent fragments. The present paper first gives an analysis of this rule, followed by citing relevant examples from the Quran tafsirs of al-Mizan and Nemouneh. The authors of both of these tafsirs believe in the independent meaningfulness. The authors of both of these tafsirs believe in the independent meaningfulness of certain Quranic fragments, irrespective of their contexts. An outstanding benefit of having an independent view of the Quranic verses is the age-free value of the Quran in that it belongs to, hence applicable to, the needs of all eras and time-periods. From this perspective, the Nemouneh Tafsir benefits much more from this rule, compared with al-Mizan which is a context-bound tafsir. Some of the benefits of the application of this rule in the Nemouneh Tafsir are expressions of the Islamic articles of faith and proving the most widely-used fiqh-oriented rules. The present research falls within the scope of basic-applied ones carried out with a view to comparative-descriptive content analysis. © Ahmadi, L; Faker Meybodi, M; Tajari, A.A. (2021) A Comparative Study of Making References to the Authority of the Semantic Independence of Certain Fragments of the Quranic Verses in the al-Mizan and Nemouneh Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 309-330. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5840.1814 Received: 2020-01-13 | Accepted: 2020-06-22 Reliance on the unwritten but applied rules in the tafsir books has long been a powerful tool in the hands of the Quran scholars to help them reach the original purpose behind the Divine verses. One of these tools is the authority of independent fragments. The present paper first gives an analysis of this rule, followed by citing relevant examples from the Quran tafsirs of al-Mizan and Nemouneh. The authors of both of these tafsirs believe in the independent meaningfulness. The authors of both of these tafsirs believe in the independent meaningfulness of certain Quranic fragments, irrespective of their contexts. An outstanding benefit of having an independent view of the Quranic verses is the age-free value of the Quran in that it belongs to, hence applicable to, the needs of all eras and time-periods. From this perspective, the Nemouneh Tafsir benefits much more from this rule, compared with al-Mizan which is a context-bound tafsir. Some of the benefits of the application of this rule in the Nemouneh Tafsir are expressions of the Islamic articles of faith and proving the most widely-used fiqh-oriented rules. The present research falls within the scope of basic-applied ones carried out with a view to comparative-descriptive content analysis. © Ahmadi, L; Faker Meybodi, M; Tajari, A.A. (2021) A Comparative Study of Making References to the Authority of the Semantic Independence of Certain Fragments of the Quranic Verses in the al-Mizan and Nemouneh Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 309-330. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5840.1814

https://ptt.qom.ac.ir/article_1671_5addef3936d1261917347719a4501587.pdf