Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Authors

1 Associate professor of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom

2 PhD student of the Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom

10.22091/ptt.2020.5629.1771

Abstract

Received: 202020-03-25   |   Accepted: 2020-07-30
 The moral aspects of servitude make one of the fundamental themes in the Holy Quran; through a systematic outlook, appreciation of its moral teachings become easier. Piety is the most basic value in the moral teachings of servitude to and before God. The present descriptive-analytical study focuses first on discovering and giving definitions of piety in the servitude-oriented construct as indicated in the Holy Quran, including its elements, principles, and aims, followed by the relation of piety and the elements of this structure based on such tafsirs as al-Mizan, al-Minar, Fi Zilal al-Quran, and al-Kashshaf. Comparison reveals that they share in many points. Piety is an element basic to epistemology, theology, anthropology, and cosmology; hence an important element in the formation, preservation, and improvement of one's outlook, moral inclinations, and moral code of conducts. Continuation and improvement of piety is essential for achieving elementary, intermediate, and ultimate aims. According to Quranic verses, worshipping God is an elementary aim, piety is the intermediate aim, and getting well nigh to God is the ultimate aim.
 



 



© Rahimi, S.V; Ketabi, S (2021) Foundations of the Quranic System of Servitude: Evidence from the Shia and Sunni Tafsirs. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 105-131.  Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5629.1771

Keywords

References

Quran translation
Quran Karim, trans. by Naaser Makaarem Shiraazi
Other Literature
`Abbaasi, Baabak, Daaneshnaameh ye Jahaan e Islam, Tehran: Bonyaad e Daayeratol Ma`aaref e Islaami, 1372 Sh.
Al- Bahraani, Maytham b. `Ali, Qawaa`id al- Maraam fi `Elm al- Kalaam, Qom: Ketaab Khaaneh ye Ayatollah Mar`ashi, 1406 A. H.
Al- Bayzaawi, `Abd Allah b. `Umar, Anwaar al- Tanzil wa Asraar al- Ta'wil (Tafsir al- Bayzaawi), Beirut: Dar Ehyaa' al- Toraath al- `Arabi, 1418 A. H.
Al- Faraahidi, Khalil b. Ahmad, Ketaab al-`Ayn, Qom: Dar al- Hijrah, n. d.
Al- Fayz al- Kaashaani, Muhammad b. Mortaza, Tafsir al- Saafi, Tehran: Maktabah ye Sadr, 1415 A. H.
Al- Qortobi, Muhammad b. Ahmad, al- Jaame` li Ahkaam al- Quran, Tehran: Enteshaaraat e Naaser Khosrow, 1364 Sh.
Al- Raagheb al- Esfahaani, Muhammad b. Hosayn, al- Mofradaat fi Gharrib al- Quran, Beirut: Dar al- Qalam; Damascus: al- Dar al-Shaamiyyah, 1412 A. H.
Al- Tabaatabaa'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn, al- Mizaan fi Tafsir al- Quran, trans. by Sayyid Muhammad Baaqer Mousavi Hamedaani, Qom: Dafter e Enteshaaraat e Islaami, 1374 Sh.
Al- Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir, Jaami` al- Bayaan fi Tafsir al- Quran, Beirut: Dar al-Ma`refah, 1412 A. H.
Al- Torayhi, Fakhr al- Din b. Muhammad, Majma` al- Bahrayn, Tehran: al- Maktabah al- Mortazaviyyah, 1375 Sh.
Al- Zamakhshari, Mahmoud b. `Umar, al -Kashshaaf `an Haqaayiq Ghawaamiz al- Tanzil wa `Oyoun al- Aqaawil fi Wujouh al- Ta'wil, Beirut: Dar al- Kitaab al- `Arabi, 1407 A. H.
Baaqeri, Khosrow, Negaahi Do Baareh beh Tarbiyat e Eslami, Tehran: Enteshaaraat e Madreseh, 1389 Sh.
Hosayni, Akbar, "Tahlili bar Saakhtaar e Nezaam e Akhlaaqi dar Adyaan," Ma`refat e Adyaan, vol. 25, no. 1, 1394 Sh.
Ibn Abi Haatam, `Abd al- Rahmaan b. Muhammad, Tafsir al- Quran al- `Azim, Riyadh: Maktabah Nazaar Mostafaa al- Baaz, 1419 A. H.
Ibn Faares, Ahmad, Mo`jam Maqaayyis al- Loghah, Qom: Dar al- Fekr, 1979.
Ibn Meskawayh, Ahmad b. Muhammad, Akhlaaq va Raah Sa`aadat (Eqtebaas va Trajomeh az Tahaarah al- A`raaq), ed. by Baanou Amin, Tehran: Nehzat e Zanaan e Mosalmaan, 1360 Sh.
Izutsu, Toshihiko, Mafaahim e Akhlaaqi-Dini dar Quran e Majid, Tehran: Farzaan e Rouz, 1394 Sh.
Javaadi Aamoli, `Abd Allah, Ma`refat Shenaasi dar Quran, Qom: Markaz e Enteshaaraat e Esraa, 1393 Sh.
Makaarem Shiraazi, Naaser, Akhlaaq dar Quran, Qom: Madrasat al- Imam `Ali b. Abi Taaleb, 1377 Sh.
Makaarem Shiraazi, Naaser, Tafsir e Nemouneh, Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islaamiyyyeh, 1371 Sh.
Mesbaah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, Aamouzesh e Falsafeh, Qom: Mo'asseseh ye Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1394 Sh.
Mesbaah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, Beh Sou ye Ou, Qom: Mo'asseseh ye Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1383 Sh.
Mesbaah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, Flsafeh ye Akhlaaq, Qom: Mo'asseseh ye Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1394 Sh.
Mesbaah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, Khod Shenaasi baraa ye Khod Saazi, Qom: Mo'asseseh ye Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1382 Sh.
Mesbaah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, Ma`aaref e Quran, vols. 1-3: Khodaa Shenaasi, Keyhaan Shenaasi, Ensaan Shenaasi, Qom: Mo'asseseh ye Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1383 Sh.
Mesbaah, Mojtabaa, and Taqi Mohadder, "Tahlil e Falsafi ye Mabda'iyyat e Towhid baraaye Fazaayel e Akhlaaqi va Eraa'e ye Ta`rif va Olgouyi Jadid az Fazaayel e Akhlaaqi," Ma`refat e Falsafi, vol. 3, no. 63, 1398 Sh.
Mostafavi, Hasan, al- Tahqiq fi Kalemaat al- Quran al- Karim, Tehran: Vezaarat e Farhang va Ershaad Eslaami, 1386 Sh.
Motahhari, Mortezaa, Majmou`eh ye Aasaar e Ostaad e Shashid Motahhari, Tehran: Sadra, 1388 Sh.
Rahnemaayi, Ahmad, Maktab e Tarbiyati ye Allama Tabaatabaa'i, Qom: Mo'asseseh Aamouzeshi va Pazhouheshi ye Imam Khomeini, 1390 Sh.
Rashid Reza, Muhammad, Tafsir al- Quran al- Hakim al- Shahir be Tafsir al- Manaar, Beirut: Dar al- Ma`refah, 1414 A. H.
Salehi, Majid, "Mabaani ye Ma`refat Shenaakhti ye Tarbiyat e Towhidi: Emkaan, Manaabi, Mavane`," Pazhouhesh haa ye E`teqaadi Kalaami, vol. 9, no. 35 (1398 Sh).
Sayyid Qutb, Fi Zilaal al- Quran, Beirut: Dar al- Shorouq, 1425 A. H.
Seraajzaadeh, Hasan, Daraamadi bar Nezaam Akhlaaqi ye Quran: Negaahi Now beh Chegounegi ye Shenaakht va Nezaammand Saazi ye Gozaareh haa ye Akhlaaqi ye Quran, Isfahan: Dafter e Tablighaat e Islami, Howzwh ye `Imiyyeh ye Qom, 1397 Sh.
Shawkaani, Muhammad, Fat'h al- Qadir, Damascus: Dar Ibn Kathir, 1414 A. H.
Vaaseti, `Abd al-Hamid, Negaresh e Sistemi beh Din, Mashhad: Mo'asseseh ye Raahbordi ye `Oloum va Ma`aaref e Eslami, 1388 Sh.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Comparative Interpretation Research
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 12
January 2021
Pages 107-134

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics