The Concepts of Iṣṭifāʾ (choose) and ʿĀlamīn (people-of-the-world) in (Q. 3:42); A study and analysis of the Qur’anic Exegete’s viewpoints

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Author

* Assistana Professor, Department of Qur’anic and Hadith Stidies, University of Isfahan  

10.22091/ptt.2021.5681.1783

Abstract

eceived: 2021/5/19  |   Accepted: 2021/8/28
One of the most important requirements of research in the field of interpretation is to study and analyze the contents of Qur’anic verses based on various interpretive principles and rules, including context, text structure, lexical implications, as well as interpretive narrations. The present article seeks re-reading the viewpoints of the Qur’anic exegetes in explaining (Q. 3:42), which reads “And when the angels said: O Mary! Surely Allah has chosen you, and has purified you, and has chosen you over women of the world”. Therefore, considering the repetition of the determining word Iṣṭifāʾ in this verse, its other Qur’anic applications have been conceptualized, and the different viewpoints of the Qur’anic exegetes about explaining the concept of Iṣṭifāʾ and ascertaining its various examples have been studied. In this regard, according to the various uses of the word Iṣṭifāʾ within different Qur’anic contexts, it has been suggested that some of the Qur’anic exegetes have specified that, due to its literal absoluteness, the first occurence of the word in this verse refers to the divine choice and the infallible personality of St. Mary (PBUH). However, the second one, due to being bound to the preposition ʿalā, indicates the superiority of St. Maryam (PBUH) over other human beings, as well as her specific characteristics and privileges.
 

Davoud, E (2021) The Concepts of Iṣṭifāʾ (choose) and ʿĀlamīn (people-of-the-world) in (Q. 3:42); A study and analysis of the Qur’anic Exegete’s viewpoints. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 7 (14) 189-216. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2021.5681.1783.

Keywords

References

The Holy Quran;
Abul-Futūḥ Rāzī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, Rawż ul-Jinān wa Rūḥ-ul-Janān fī Tafsīr-il-Qurʾān, edited by Muḥammad-Jaʿfar Yāḥaqqī & Muḥammad-Mahdī Nāṣiḥ. Mashhad: Bunyād-i Pazhūhish-hā-yi Āstān-i Quds-i Rażawī, 1986.
Abū-Ḥayyān, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf, alـBaḥr alـMuḥīṭ fī alـTafsīr, Beirut: Dār alـFikr, 1999.
Ālūsī, Maḥmūd, Rūḥ al-Maʿānī fi Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1994.
ʿĀmilī, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn, al-Wajīz fī Tafsīr alـQurʾān alʿـAzīz, Qum: Dār alـQurʾān alـKarīm, 1992.
ʿĀmilī, Ibrāhīm, Tafsīr ʿĀmilī, Tehran: Ṣadūq, 1981.
ʿAskarī, Ḥasan b. ʿAbdullāh, alـFurūq fi alـlugha, Beirut: Dār alĀfāq alـJadīda, 1980.
Azharī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tahdhīb alـLugha, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ alـTurāth alʿـArabī, 2000.
Baghawī, Ḥusayn b. Masʿūd, Maʿālim al-Tanzīl, edited by ʿAbdurrazāq al-Mahdī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1999.
Balāghī alـNajafī, Muḥammad-Jawād, Ālāʾ al-Raḥmān fī Tafsīr alـQurʾān, Qum: Bunyād Biʿtha, 1999.
Balkhī, Muqātil b. Sulaymān, Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ alـTurāth alʿـArabī, 2002.
Bayḍāwī, ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar, Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʾwīl, edited by Muḥammad ʿAbdul-Raḥmān al-Marʿashlī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1997.
Burūjirdī, Ḥusayn, Tafsīr alـṢirāṭ alـMustaqīm, Qom: Anṣārīān, 1995.
Burūjirdī, Muḥammad-Ibrāhīm, Tafsīrـi Jāmiʿ, Tehran: Ṣadr, 1987.
Faḍlullāh, Muḥammad-Ḥusayn, Tafsīr min Waḥy alـQurʾān, Beirut: Dār alـMilāk, 1998.
Fakhr-al-Dīn Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1999.
Farāhīdī, Khalīl b. Aḥmad, Kitāb al-ʿAyn, Qum: Hijra, 1989.
Fayḍ Kāshānī, Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā, Tafsīr AlـṢāfī, Qum, n.p., 1997.
Fayḍ Kāshānī, Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā, AlـAṣfā fī Tafsīr alـQurʾān, Tehran: Ṣadr, 1994.
Gunābādī, Sulṭān-Muḥammad, Tafsīr Bayān al-Saʿāda fī Maqāmāt al-ʿIbāda, Beirut: Muʾassasa Aʿlamī, 1988.
Hāʾirī-Tihrānī, ʿAlī, Muqtanīāt al-Durar wa Multaqaṭāt al-Thamar, Tehran: Dār alـ Kutub alـIslāmīyya, 1998.
Haqqī-Burusavī, Ismāʿīl, Tafsīr Rūḥ alـBayān, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, N.D.
Hijāzī, Muḥammad Maḥmūd, alـTafsīr alـWāḍiḥ, Beirut: Dār alـJīl alـJadīd, 1992.
Ḥusaynī-Astarābādī, Sharaf alـDīn ʿAlī, Taʾwīl alـĀyāt alـẒāhira, Qum: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī-i Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmīyyah-yi Qum, 1998.
Ḥusaynī-Shāhʿabdulʿaẓīmī, Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad, Tafsīr Ithnāʿasharī, Tehran: Miqāt, 1984.
Ḥusaynī-Shīrāzī, Muḥammad, Tabyīn alـQurʾān, Beirut: Dār al-ʿUlūm, 2002.
Ibn Abī-Ḥātam, ʿAbdulـRaḥmān b. Muḥammad, Tafsīr alـQurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, Riyadh: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā alـBāz, 1995.
Ibn ʿĀshūr, Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir, alـTaḥrīr wa alـTanwīr, Beirut: Muʾassasa alـTārīkh al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Ibn ʿAṭīyya, ʿAbdulـḤaqq b. Ghālib, alـMuḥarrar alـWajīz fī Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-ʿAzīz, Beirut: Dār alـKutub alـʿIlmīyya, 2001.
Ibn Bābiwayh, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Maʿānī alـAkbār, Qum: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī-i Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmīyyah-yi Qum, 1983.
Ibn Durayd, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan, Jumhura alـLugha, Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil Malāʾīn, 1988.
Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad, Muʿjam Maqāʾīs alـLugha, edited by ʿAbd alـSalām Hārūn, Qum: Maktab al-ʿIlm alـIslāmī, 1984.
Ibn Juzayy, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, alـTashīl li ʿUlūm alـTanzīl, Beirut: Dār al Arqam Ibn Abī alـArqam, 1995.
Ibn Jawzī, ʿAbdulـRaḥmān b. ʿAlī, Zād al-Masīr fī ʿIlm alـTafsīr, Beirut: Dār alـKitāb alـʿArabī, n.d.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, Beirut: Dār alـKutub al-ʿImīyya, 1998.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram, Lisān al-ʿArab, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1993.
Ibn Sayyida, ʿAlī, alـMuḥkam wa alـMuḥiṭ alـAʿẓam, Beirut: Dār alـKutub alـʿIlmīyya, 2001.
Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb, Tafsīr Kawthar, Qum: Hijra, n.d.
Jawādī-Amulī, ʿAbdullāh, Tafsīr-i Tasnīm, Qum: Isrāʾ, 2005.
Khaṭīb, ʿAbd alـKarīm, alـTafsīr alـQurʾānī lilـalـQurʾān, Beirut: Dār alـFikr alـʿArabī, n.d.
Khazzāz-Rāzī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, Kifaya alـAthar fī alـNaṣṣ ʿalā Aʾimma al-Ithnā ʿAshar, Qum: Bīdār, 1981.
Khāzin, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, Lubāb alـTaʾwīl fī Maʿānī alـTanzīl, Beirut: Dār alـ Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1994.
Marāghī, Aḥmad b. Muṣṭafā, Tafsīr Marāghī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ alـTurāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Mudarrisī, Muḥammad-Taqī, Min Hudā alـQurʾān, Tehran: Dār Muḥibb alـḤusayn, 1998.
Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Nuʿmān, al-Irshād fī Maʿrifa Ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿIbād, Qum, 1992.
Mughnīya, Muḥammad-Jawād, Tafsīr al-Kāshif, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 2003.
Mughnīya, Muḥammad-Jawād, al-Tafsīr al-Mubīn, Qum: Biʿtha, n.d.
Maḥallī and Suyūṭī, Abū ‘Abdullāh Muḥammad b. Shihāb al-Dīn and ʿAbdul-Raḥmān b. Abī-Bakr, Tafsīr al-Jalālayn, Beirut: Muʾassasa alـNūr, 1995.
Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan, alـTaḥqīq fī Kalamāt alـQurʾān alـKarīm, Beirut: Dār alـKutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 2009.
Maẓharī, Muḥammad Thanāʾullāh, alـTafsīr alـMaẓharī, Quetta: Maktaba Rushdīyya, 1992.
Najafī, Muḥammad-Jawād, Tafsīr-i Āsān, Tehran: Islamīyya, 1978.
Nakhjavānī, Niʿmatullāh b. Maḥmūd, alـFawātiḥ al-Ilāhīyya wa alـMafātiḥ alـGhaybīyya, Cairo: Dār Rikābī lil-Nashr, 1999.
Qāsimī, Muḥammad Jamāl alـDīn, Maḥāsin alـTaʾwīl, Beirut: Dār alـKutub alـʿIlmīyya, 1997.
Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm, Tafsīr al-Qummī, edited by Sayyid Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾirī, Qum: Dār al-Kitāb, 1984.
Qurashī, ʿAlī-Akbar, Tafsīr Aḥsan al-Ḥadīth, Tehran: Bunyād Biʿtha, 1998.
Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, al-Jāmiʿ li-Āyāt al-Aḥkām, Tehran: Nāṣir Khusruw, 1986.
Qushayrī, ʿAbd alـKarīm b. Hawāzin, Laṭāʾif al-Ishārāt, Cairo: al-Hayʾa alـMiṣrīyya alـʿĀmma, n.d.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusain b. Muḥammad, al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1991.
Sabzivārī, Muḥammad, alـJadīd fī Tafsīr, Beirut: Dār Iḥyā alـTaʿarruf, 1985.
Saʿdī, ʿAbdul-Raḥmān b. Nāṣir, Taysīr alـKarīm alـRaḥmān fī Tafsīr Kalām al-Mannān, Beirut: Dar alـKutub alـIslāmīyya, 1988.
Sadiqī-Tihrānī, Muḥammad, alـFurqān fī Tafsīr alـQurʾān, Qum: Farhang-i Islāmī, 1998.
Sadiqī-Tihrānī, Muḥammad, alـBalāgh fī Tafsīr alـQurʾān bil-Qurʾān, Qum: Maktaba Muḥammad al- Sadiqī al-Ṭihrānī, 1998.
Ṣadr-alـDīn Shīrāzī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm, Tafsīr alـQurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, Qum: Bīdār, 1987.
Ṣāḥib, Ismāʿīl b. ʿIbād, alـMuḥiṭ fī alـLugha, Beirut: ʿĀlam alـKutub, 1993.
Samarqandī, Naṣr b. Muḥammad, Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Beirut: Dār alـFikr, n.d.
Shahīd-Thānī, Zayn alـDīn b. Nūr alـDīn, Tamhīd al-Qawāʿid, Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1995.
Sharīf-Lāhījī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Tafsīr Sharīf-Lāhījī, Tehran: Dād, 1994.
Shawkānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Fatḥ alـQadīr, Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr and Dār alـKalim alـṬayyib, 1993.
Shubbar, ʿAbdullāh, al-Jawhar alـThamīn fī Tafsīr alـKitāb alـMubīn, Kuwait: Maktaba Alfayn, 1987.
Sūrābādī, Abū Bakr ʿAtīq b. Muḥammad, Tafsīr-i Sūrābādī, Tehran: Nashr-i Nu, 2001.
Suyūṭī, ʿAbdul-Raḥmān b. Abī-Bakr, al-Durr al-Manthūr fī Tafsīr al-Manthūr, Qum: Kitābkhāni-yi Āyatullāh Marʿashī-Najafī, 1984.
Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr, Jamiʿ al-Bayān ʿan Taʾwīl Āy al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1992.
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad-Ḥusayn, Tarjuma-yi al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qum: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī-i Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmīyyah-yi Qum, 1995.
Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Tafsīr Jawāmiʿ al-Jāmiʿ, Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1998.
Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, edited by Sayyid Faḍlullāh Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī and Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī-Maḥallātī, Tehran: Nāṣir Khusruw, 1994.
Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad, al-Tafsīr al-Wasiṭ lil-Qurʾān al-Karīm, Cairo: Dār Nahḍa Miṣr, n.d.
Ṭayyib, Abdul-Ḥusayn, Aṭyab al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran: Islām, 1999.
Thaʿālibī, Abdul-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad, Jawāhīr al-Ḥisān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1997.
Thaʿlabī Nayshābūrī, Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm, al-Kashf wa al-Bayān ʿan Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1997.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1999.
Zabīdī, Murtaḍā Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs, Beirut: Dār alـFīkr, 1993.
Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd, al-Kashshāf ʿan Ḥaqāʾiq al-Taʾwīl wa Ghawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1987.
Zuḥaylī, Wahba b. Muṣṭafā, al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-ʿAqīda wa al-Sharīʿa wa al-Minhaj, Beirut: Dār alـFikr, 1997.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Comparative Interpretation Research
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 14
November 2021
Pages 191-216

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics