A Critique and Study of Shiite and Sunni Exegeses regarding Verses of Protecting the Private Parts

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Authors

1 Associate professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Law Foundations, University of Qom, Qom, Iran (corresponding author)

2 a.omidifard@qom.ac.ir. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7223-6803

3  Associate professor, Department of Quran and Hadith, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

4 E.Molaeenia@qom.ac.ir. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3629-632

5 Theology faculty- Qom univecandidate, Jurisprudence and Law Foundations, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

6 Sadegh.Ramezani48@gmail.Com. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6171-1960rsity Qom-Iran

Abstract

The phrase “protecting the private parts” (ḥifz-i faraj) has been repeated four times in the Holy Quran in different forms and God has advised it to the believers. However, since the object of protecting the private parts has been omitted, the implication of these verses is ambiguous. Different views have been expressed regarding the answer to the question of what the intent of the legislator (God) was concerning the object of protecting the private parts, each of which has its own specific requirements and different semantic spheres. Nowadays, in the area of medical jurisprudence, of the main reasons for opposition to phenomena such as surrogacy or some forms of artificial insemination is the contradiction of these phenomena with the obligation of protecting the private parts and the evaluation of these laws is not possible without having the correct and methodical interpretation of “protecting the private parts.” Despite the foundational role of these verses in jurisprudential inferences, so far no independent argumentative work has been authored regarding the interpretation of these verses and this very theoretical vacuum has led to the emergence of sometimes incorrect and undisciplined interpretations. The present study aims to study and critique these exegeses through a descriptive-analytic method and to show that artificial insemination and surrogacy are essentially unrelated to these verses and these two are separate from each other.

Highlights

نتیجه

ترکیب «حفظ فرج» چهار مرتبه در قرآن تکرار شده که در تمامی آن‌ها متعلق حفظ، محذوف است. مجموعاً پنج دیدگاه درباره متعلق محذوف شکل گرفته که بیشتر آن‌ها دچار ضعف روشی و عدم ضابطه در تفسیر هستند. به لحاظ روش‌شناختی، ملاک تشخیص متعلق محذوف، فهم عرفی و مرجع تشخیص آن عرف است.

برداشت عرف را می‌توان از طریق بررسی قراین و شواهد و به‌طور خاص، مناسبت میان حکم و موضوع به دست آورد. درصورتی‌که مفسر، میان چند گزینه‌ متباین‌ دچار شک شود، کلام مجمل شده، باید به‌قدر متیقن اکتفا کند.

به اعتقاد نویسنده، برداشت عرف به گزینه «امور جنسی و استلذاذی» نزدیک‌تر است و روایات و شواهد دیگر نیز آن را تأیید می‌کند. مراد قرآن از این ترکیب، صرفاً دعوت به اصل کلی عفت و پرهیز از شهوات بدون چهارچوب است. موضوعاتی همچون: رحم اجاره‌ای و تلقیح مصنوعی که ماهیتی غیرجنسی و غیر استلذاذی دارند، اساساً ارتباطی با حفظ فرج ندارند و به نظر می‌رسد که مخالف دانستن چنین پدیده‌هایی با حفظ فرج، تحمیل بر آیات باشد. این استنتاج هرگز به معنای حلیت و جواز این پدیده‌ها نیست؛ زیرا ممکن است حرمت این پدیده‌ها، از طریق ادله شرعی دیگری اثبات شود.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Comparative Interpretation Research
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 17
January 2023
Pages 107-131

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