The Comparative Semantics of the Term Irteqab (Revelation) in Sunni and Shi’ite Exegesis

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in the Qur’anic Science and Hadith, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch,

2 Assistant Professor, Department of the Qur’anic Science and Hadith, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch

Abstract

Translators of the words of Wahy (revelation) have considered some vocabularies as synonymous with each other in the translation of the Qur’an. Moreover, sometimes they have applied one single meaning as equivalent for different Arabic words in the Qur’an while paying attention to the accurate meaning of the words is a way to untangle the mystery of some Quranic verses and traditions. Using pictorial translation can provide a more meaningful translation than what Sunni and Shi’ite translators have already stated in their books. The term “Irteqab” in Sunni and Shi’ite exegesis is considered as synonymous with “waiting” so its semantic delicacies are ignored. Comparing Sunni and Shi’ite exegetic theories, it is attempted in this study to delve deep into the ignored points in translation and to analyze the semantics of the term using pictorial interpretative method relying on the Qur’an and the style of the verses in the story of Naqeh Saleh (the miracle camel of Prophet Saleh) in Surah al-Qamar. In addition to maintaining conceptual structure and consistency with the concepts provided by verbal dictionaries, the pictorial interpretative method in this study represents more accurate, tangible, and practical meaning along with the Quranic divine programs for the intended words. Among Sunni and Shi’ite early commentators, Zeyd ibn Ali, Hasan ibn Abi al-Hasan, Abu Sa’iid Khudri, and most importantly Imam Ali (PBUH) have discussed the subject of “Irteqab in Surah Ad-Dukhan” more precisely.

Highlights

10. نتیجه‌گیری

1. با وجود معانی مختلفی که در ریشه «رقب» وجود دارد؛ اما قریب به اتفاق مفسران فریقین معنای ارتقاب را «انتظار» در نظر گرفته‏اند و گروهی اندک نیز باتوجه به همین معنی، مراقبت و زیر نظر داشتن که از شروط و ویژگی‌های معنایی ارتقاب است را مساوی معنای آن دانسته‏اند. مترجمان در ترجمه صورت‏های مختلف واژه ارتقاب، دقیق ترجمه نکرده و ظرافت‏های معنایی آن را بیان نکرده‏اند.

2. با بهره‏گیری از ترجمه تصویری، و روش صحنه‏پردازی آیات، می‏توان به‌معنایی فراتر از آنچه مفسران فریقین در آثار خویش بیان نموده‏اند، دست یافت.

3. برای صحت‌سنجی معنای به‌دست آمده با روش فوق، با توسعه معنا در بقیه آیات، صحت و کاربرد واژه پیشنهادی به‌روشنی مشخص می‏گردد. این معنی بسیار دقیق‏تر از معنایی است که در میان آثار مفسران و مترجمان قرآن شیعه و سنی یافت شده است.

4. تنها با تفسیر تصویری می‏توان از ظرافتهای معنایی این واژه پرده‏برداری نمود. معنای این واژه در یک جمله: فقط لحظه‌به‌لحظه رصد و مطالعه کردن در همراهی با موضوع مورد ارتقاب، بی‏هیچ عمل و مداخله‏ای است.

5. در میان تفاسیر متقدم فریقین، زید‌بن‌علی و ابن‌عمر و ابن‌عباس و حسن‌بن‌أبی الحسن و أبو‏سعید خدری، و در رأس ایشان امام علی† دقیق‏تر به موضوع ارتقاب دخان پرداخته‏اند.

Keywords

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Comparative Interpretation Research
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
February 2019
Pages 169-196

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