A Review on the Meaning of “Ruku” in the Verse of Wilayah from Sunni and Shi’ite Perspective

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Qur’anic Research, Research Institute of Hawzah and

Abstract

One of the important verses on the subject of Wilayah is Surah Al-Ma’idah: 55 known as the verse of Wilayah that has caused extensive exegetic arguments between Sunni and Shi’ite denominations. This noble verse is controversial due to different perspectives such as asbab al-Nuzul (occasions of revelation), the meaning of Wilayah, the interpretation of “Allazina Amanu”, the reason of plurality in “Allazina Amanu”, and so on. The interpretation of Ruku is one of the basic aspects of this verse which is influential on the comprehension of the other parts of the verse and about which there are serious controversies between Sunni and Shi’ite denominations. The present article critically and comparatively represents the viewpoints of Sunni and Shi’ite commentators on the meaning of ‘Ruku”. This comparative study explores critical views of the Sunnis and Shi’ites, thematic analysis of “Ruku” in the Qur’an in terms of historical review and sequence of Nuzul, as well as its revelatory interpretation -outward Ruku- and its inward interpretation that is humbleness.
 

Seyed Mahmood Tayeb Hoseini *
Received: 5/3/2018   |   Accepted: 11/17/2018
Abstract
One of the important verses on the subject of Wilayah is Surah Al-Ma’idah: 55 known as the verse of Wilayah that has caused extensive exegetic arguments between Sunni and Shi’ite denominations. This noble verse is controversial due to different perspectives such as asbab al-Nuzul (occasions of revelation), the meaning of Wilayah, the interpretation of “Allazina Amanu”, the reason of plurality in “Allazina Amanu”, and so on. The interpretation of Ruku is one of the basic aspects of this verse which is influential on the comprehension of the other parts of the verse and about which there are serious controversies between Sunni and Shi’ite denominations. The present article critically and comparatively represents the viewpoints of Sunni and Shi’ite commentators on the meaning of ‘Ruku”. This comparative study explores critical views of the Sunnis and Shi’ites, thematic analysis of “Ruku” in the Qur’an in terms of historical review and sequence of Nuzul, as well as its revelatory interpretation -outward Ruku- and its inward interpretation that is humbleness.
Keywords
Ruku in the Qur’an, Verse of Wilayah, Comparative Exegesis, Sequence of Nuzul (Revelation)  



 
 
 
بازخوانی معنای «رکوع» در آیة ولایت ازمنظر فریقین
سیدمحمود طیب‌حسینی*
تاریخ ارسال: 13/02/97   |   تاریخ پذیرش: 26/08/97
چکیده
یکی از آیه‌های مهم در موضوع امامت که میان دو فرقة اهل‌تسنن و شیعه بحث‌ها و اختلاف‌های گسترده‌ای در تفسیر آن درگرفته، آیة 55 سورة مائده مشهور به آیة ولایت است. این آیة شریفه از زوایا و بخش‌های مختلف همچون شأن نزول، معنا و مقصود ولایت، مقصود از «الذین آمنوا»، علت جمع آمدن «الذین آمنوا» و... قابل بحث است. یکی از بخش‌های اساسی این آیة شریفه که نقش مهمی در فهم سایر بخش‌های آن دارد و اختلافات جدی‌‌ای میان فرق اسلامی دربارة آن وجود دارد، بیان معنا و مقصود «رکوع» در آن است. در مقاله حاضر، به روش تطبیقی دیدگاه مفسران فریقین دربارة معنای «رکوع» نقل و نقد شده است. نقد دیدگاه مفسران شیعه و اهل‌تسنن، بررسی موضوعی واژة رکوع در قرآن براساس سیر تاریخی و ترتیب نزول آیات، و پیرو آن ادعای اینکه «رکوع» در این آیه یک معنای تنزیلی دارد که همان رکوع ظاهری است و یک معنای باطنی دارد و آن خضوع است، در این مطالعه تطبیقی بررسی می‌شود.
کلیدواژگان
رکوع در قرآن، آیة ولایت، علی†، تفسیر تطبیقی، ترتیب نزول.


 




 

Keywords

References

- The Noble Qur’an.
- Abu Hayyan Andelosi (1420 A.H). Al-Bahr al-Muhit fi at-Tafsir, Muhammad Jamil, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
- Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din Abd ar-Rahman (1405 A.H). Dur al-Manthur fi Tafsir al-Ma’thur, Qom: Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafi Library.
- Al-Suyuti, Jalal ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman (1421 A.H). Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Arabi.
- Alusi, Shahab ad-Din Seyed Mahmud (1415 A.H). Rooh al-Ma’ani fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Azim va as-Sab’ al-Masani, 1st Ed., Beirut: Dar al-Ketab al-‘elmieh.
- Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah (1418 A.H). Tafsir al-Muneer, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
- Ayyashi, Muhammad ibn Mas’ud (1380 S.H). Kitab at-Tafsir, Tehran: ‘Ilmiah.
- Azhari, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1421 A.H). Tahzib al-Loghah, Beirut: Dar Ehya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
- Bohrani, Seyed Hashim (1416 A.H). Al-Borhan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, Tehran: Bi’that Foundation.
- Borujerdi, Seyed Muhamad Ibrahim (1366 S.H). Tafsir Jame’, Tehran: Sadr.
- Fakhr al-Din Razi, Muhammad ibn ‘Umar (1420 A.H). Mafatih al-Ghaib, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
- Fara’, Yahya ibn Ziyad (1980). Ma’ani al-Qur’an, Cairo: Al-Hei’ah al-Mesriah al-‘Amah lel-Kitab.
- Farahidi, Khalil ibn Ahmad (1414 A.H). Tartib Kitab al-Ain, Qom: Oswah.
- Faramarz Qaramaleki, Ahad (1379 S.H). Methodology of Theological Studies, Mashhad: Razavi University.
- Fazl Allah, Seyed Muhammad (1419 A.H). Min Wahy al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Milak lil-Tiba’ah va an-Nashr.
- Howayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jom’eh (1415 A.H). Tafsir Noor ath-Thaqalayn, Qom, Isma’ilian.
- Husseini Hamedani, Muhammad (1404 A.H). Brilliant Lights in the Exegesis of Qur’an, Tehran: Lotfi.
- Ibn Ashur, Muhammad ibn Tahir, At-Tahrir va at-Tanvir, No Place, Anonymous.
- Ibn Ajiba, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1419 A.H). Al-Bahr al-Madid fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Majid, Cairo: Hasan Abbas Zaki.
- Ibn Atia, Abd al-Ghalib ibn Haq (1422 A.H). Al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Ilmiah.
- Ibn Fares, Ahmad ibn Zakaria (1387 S.H). Tartib Maqaiis al-Loghah, Qom: Hawzah & University Research Institute.
- Ibn Kasir, Isma’il ibn Amroo (1419 A.H). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Azim, 1st Ed., Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-‘Ilmiah.
- Ibn Manzur, Muhammad ibn Mukram (1414 A.H). Lisan al-Arab, Beirut: Dar Sader.
- Istarabadi, Seyed Sharaf al-Din Ali (1409 A.H). Ta’wil al-Ayat al-Zahera; Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
- Jassas, Ahmad ibn Ali (1405 A.H). Ahkam al-Qur’an, 1st Ed., Beirut: Dar Ehya’ al-Turath al-Arabi.
- Koleini, Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (1429 A.H). Al-Kafi, Qom: Dar al-Hadith.
- Majlesi, Muhammad Baqer (1403 A.H). Bahar al-Anwar, Beirut: Dar Ehya’ al-Turath al-Arabi.
- Makarim Shirazi, Naser et. al. (1374 S.H). Tafsir Nemoone, Tehran: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamia.
- Maraghi, Ahmad Mustafa, Tafsir al-Maraghi, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
- Mostafawi, Hassan (1402 A.H). At-Tahqiq fi Kalamat al-Qur’an al-Karim, Tehran: Book Center for Translation and Publication.
- Mughnia, Muhammad Javad (1424 A.H). Ak-Kashif, Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamia.
- Muqadas Ardabili, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Zubda al-Bayan, Tehran: Mortazavi Bookshop.
- Qasemi, Muhammad Jamal al-Din (1418 A.H). Mahasin al-Ta’wil, Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-‘Ilmia.
- Qomi, Ali ibn Ibrahim (1367 S.H). Tafsir-e Qomi, Qom: Dar al-Kitab. 
- Qorshi, Seyed Ali Akbar (1377 S.H). Ahsan al-Hadith, Tehran: Be’that Foundation.
- Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1384 S.H). Al-Jami’ al-Ahkam al-Qur’an, Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Mesria.
- Raghib Isfahani, Hussein (1427 A.H). Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur’an, Qom: Tali’eye Noor.
- Sadeqi Tehrani, Mohammad (1365 S.H). Al-Forqan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an. Qom: Islamic Culture.
- Saffar, Muhammad ibn Hassan (1362 S.H). Basa’ir Darajat al-Kubra, Tehran: Manshurat al-‘Ilmi.
- Sharif Lahiji, Muhammad ibn Ali (1373 A.H). Tafsir Sharif Lahiji, 1st Ed., Tehran Nashr-e Dad.
- Tabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir (1412 A.H). Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah.
- Tabarsi, Fazl ibn Hasan (1372 S.H). Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, Tehran: Naser Khosrow.
- Tayeb Husseini, Seyed Mahmud (1395 S.H). An Introduction to Mufradat, Qom: Hawzah & University Research Institute.
- Tayeb, Abd al-Hussain (1378 S.H). Atyab ol-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, 2nd Ed., Tehran: Islam.
- Thaqafi, Muhammad (1368 S.H). Ravan-e Javid (Immortal Mind), Tehran: Borhan.
- Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan, At-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, 1st Ed., Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
- Zamakhshari, Mahmud ibn Umar (1407 A.H). Kashshaf, 3rd Ed., Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
- Zamakhshari, Mahmud ibn Umar (1979). Asas al-Balagha, Beirut: Dar Sader.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Comparative Interpretation Research
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
February 2019
Pages 213-238

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics