The Attribution of Good Deeds and Sins to God or Human in the 78th and 79th Verses of Surah an-Nisa’ Based on the Idea of Fakhr Razi and Imam Khomeini

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Author

Aَssociate Professor, University of the Qur’anic Science and Knowledge, Qom

Abstract

The attribution of good deeds and sins to God as a subdivision in determinism and free will is noted in the Qur’anic culture. In this regard, good deeds and sins are both attributed to God in some Qur’anic verses (al-Nisa’: 78) while some other verses make a distinction between good deeds and sins and regard the first coming from God and the latter from human. This difference in attribution has always been discussed by the commentators as a significant challenge. Among the scholars, Fakhr Razi and Imam Khomeini have reviewed this subject with 2 different perspectives and statements. The results of the study show that Fakhr Razi admits the idea of Kasb and therefore he truly attributes both the good deeds and sins to God. He believes that the attribution of sins to human connotes “politeness” and “denial interrogation”. On the other hand, Imam Khomeini holds that the attribution of charities and evil deeds to God is real, while the attribution of evil deeds to God and charities to human is virtual. 
 

© Oshrie, R. (2020) The Attribution of Good Deeds and Sins to God or Human in the 78th and 79th Verses of Surah an-Nisa’ Based on the Idea of Fakhr Razi and Imam Khomeini. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (11) 161-186.  Doi: 10.22091/ptt.2020.4643.1601

Keywords

References

The Noble Qur’an.
Abd ol-Jabbar, Abolhasan (19422). Sharh al-Usul al-Khamsah. 1st ed. Ahmad ibn Hussain Abi Hashim (Ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
Ash’ari, Abolhasan (1400). Maqamat al-Islamiin va Ikhtilaf al-Musallin. 3rd ed. Germany: Wisbaden.
Ash’ari, Abolhasan (N.D). Al-Luma’ fi Rad ala Ahl al-Zigh val-Bad’. Hamudah Gharabah (Ed.), Cairo: Maktabah al-Azhariah lel-Turath.
Bahrami, Muhammad (1386). Kheyr va Shar dar Manzar Allameh Tabatabaii. Annual Journal of Qur’anic Research. Issue 48.
Efaraini, Mulla Isma’il (1383). Anvar al-Irfan. 1st ed. Qom: Daftar Tablighat Islami.
Fayyaz Lahiji (1383). Gowhar-i Murad. 1st ed. Tehran: Sayeh.
Feyz Kashani (1425). Al-Shafi fi al-Aqa’id va al-Akhlaq va al-Ahkam. 1st ed. Tehran: Loh-i Mahfouz.
Fyumi, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali (1405). Al-Misbah al-Munir. 1st ed. Qom: Dar al-Hijrah.
Isma’ili, Muhammad Ali (1396). Sharh Risalah Talab va Iradeh Imam Khomeini (Pazhoheshi dar Towhid-i Sifati, Kalam Ilahi, Irade Ilahi, Jabr, va Ikhtiar, Sa’adat va Shaqavat va Sarnevesht-i Insan. 1st ed. Qom: Jami’ah al-Mustafa.
Jurjani, Mir Seyed Sharif (1325). Sharh al-Mawaqif. 1st ed. Qom: Al-Sharif al-Razi.
Karimzadeh Qaramaliki, Qurban Ali (1393). Masaleh Shar and Intisab-i an be Khudavand ba Tekyeh bar Aye 78-79 Nisa’. Biannual Scientific and Research Journal of Exetical Research. Issue 20.
Khomeini, Rouhollah (1392). Taqrirat Falsafe. Seyed Abdolghani Ardabili (Ed.). Qom: Imam Khomeini Publication Institute. 
Khomeini, Rouhollah (1421). Al-Talb va al-Iradah. 2nd ed. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Publication Institute. 
Khomeini, Rouhollah (1421). Lobb ol-Asar fi al-Jabr va al-Qadr. Ja’far Sobhani (Ed.), 1st ed., Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute. 
Khomeini, Rouhollah (1421). Sharh Chehel Hadith. 31st ed. Qom: Imam Khomeini Publication Institute. 
Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (1407). Al-Kafi. 4th ed. Tehran: Al-Islamiah.
Mirdamad, Muhammad Baqir (1403). Al-Ta’liqah ala Usul al-Kafi. 1st ed. Qom: Khayyam.
Mousavi Bujnourdi, Seyed Muhammad (1383). Kheyr va Shar. Annual Scientific and Research Journal of Matin, Issues 23 & 24.
Raghib Isfahani, Hussein ibn Muhammad (1412). Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur’an. 1st ed. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam.
Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1405). Talkhis al-Muhassil al-Ma’ruf benaqd al-Muhassil. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Azwa’.
Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1420). Mafatih al-Ghayb. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi.
Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1986). Al-Arba’in fi Usul al-Din. 1st ed. Cairo: N.P.
Sabzevari Najafi, Mulla Hadi (N.D). Sharh Asma’ al-Husna. Researched by Najafqoli Habibi. Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Sadouq, Muhammad ibn Ali (1398). Al-Tawhid. 1st ed. Beirut: Islamic Publication.
Sadr al-Mutahhilin, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (1366). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim. 2nd ed. Qom: Bidar.
Sadr al-Mutahhilin, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (1383). Sharh Usul al-Kafi. 2nd ed. Tehran: Studies and Research Institute for the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Sadr al-Mutahhilin, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (1981). Al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliah fi al-Asfar al-Aqliah al-Arba’ah. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi.
Tabarsi, Fazl ibn Hasan (1372). Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an. 3rd ed. Tehran: Nasir Khusruw.
Tabatabaii, Muhammad Hussain (1385). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an. 1st ed. Beirut: Scientific Institute.
Tabatabaii, Muhammad Hussain (1385). Nahayah al-Hikamh. Ghulamreza Fayyazi (ed.). 3rd ed. Qom: Imam Khomeini Institute.
Taftazani, Sa’duddin (1409). Sharh al-Maqasid. Abd ar-Rahman Amireh (Ed.), 1st ed. N.P: Al-Sharif al-Razi.
Tha’alabi Neishaburi, Abu Ishaq (1422). Al-Kashf va al-Bayan an Tafsir al-Qur’an. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (N.D). At-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an. 1st ed. Ahmad Qasir Amili (Ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi.
Abd ol-Jabbar, Abolhasan (1965). Al-Moghni fi Abwab al-Tawhid va al-Adl. Cairo: Al-Misriah.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics